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variable properties

  • 1 переменные свойства

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > переменные свойства

  • 2 переменные свойства

    1. variable properties

     

    переменные свойства

    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > переменные свойства

  • 3 переменные свойства

    Engineering: variable properties

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > переменные свойства

  • 4 отладка

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > отладка

  • 5 renta

    f.
    1 income (ingresos).
    vivir de las rentas to live off one's (private) income
    renta del capital capital yield
    renta fija fixed income
    renta per cápita o por habitante per capita income
    renta del trabajo wage income
    renta variable/vitalicia variable/life annuity
    2 rent.
    3 return (beneficios).
    4 interest (intereses).
    5 national or public debt.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: rentar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: rentar.
    * * *
    1 (ingresos) income
    3 (beneficio) interest, return
    4 (alquiler) rent
    \
    vivir de sus rentas to live on one's income
    renta fija fixed interest security
    renta fiscal taxable income
    renta nacional national income
    renta per cápita per capita income
    renta pública government debt
    renta variable equity securities plural
    renta vitalicia life annuity
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=ingresos) income; (=ganancia) interest, return

    política de rentasincomes o (EEUU) income policy

    2) (=deuda) public debt, national debt
    3) esp LAm (=alquiler) rent
    * * *
    1) ( beneficio) income

    rentas derivadas de capitales/del trabajo personal — unearned/earned income

    vivir de las rentas: tiene dinero/propiedades y vive de las rentas she has some money and lives off the interest/some properties and lives off the rents; un escritor que lleva años viviendo de las rentas — a writer who has been living off past glories for years

    2) (esp Méx) ( alquiler) rent
    * * *
    ----
    * declaración de la renta = tax return, income tax, income tax return, income tax statement.
    * impreso de declaración de la renta = income tax form, tax form.
    * impuesto sobre la renta = income tax.
    * receptor de renta vitalicia = annuitant.
    * renta per cápita = national income, per capita income.
    * rentas públicas = revenues.
    * renta vitalicia = annuity trust, annuity.
    * vivir de las rentas = live off + the fat of the land.
    * * *
    1) ( beneficio) income

    rentas derivadas de capitales/del trabajo personal — unearned/earned income

    vivir de las rentas: tiene dinero/propiedades y vive de las rentas she has some money and lives off the interest/some properties and lives off the rents; un escritor que lleva años viviendo de las rentas — a writer who has been living off past glories for years

    2) (esp Méx) ( alquiler) rent
    * * *
    * declaración de la renta = tax return, income tax, income tax return, income tax statement.
    * impreso de declaración de la renta = income tax form, tax form.
    * impuesto sobre la renta = income tax.
    * receptor de renta vitalicia = annuitant.
    * renta per cápita = national income, per capita income.
    * rentas públicas = revenues.
    * renta vitalicia = annuity trust, annuity.
    * vivir de las rentas = live off + the fat of the land.
    * * *
    A (beneficio) income
    rentas derivadas de capitales/del trabajo personal unearned/earned income
    inversiones de renta fija/variable fixed/variable interest investments
    le proporciona una renta anual de $100.000 it provides him with o brings in an annual income of $100,000
    puso el dinero en el banco y vive de las rentas he put the money in the bank and he lives off the interest
    era muy famoso y aún vive de las rentas he used to be very famous and he's still living off his reputation
    impuesto2 (↑ impuesto (2))
    Compuestos:
    customs duties (pl)
    ( ingresos) fixed income; (valores) fixed income securities
    renta gravable or imponible
    taxable income
    national income
    income per capita, per capita income
    ( ingresos) variable income; (valores) variable income securities
    (life) annuity
    B (alquiler) rent
    Compuesto:
    fixed rent
    pagar renta antigua to be a sitting tenant, to pay a fixed rent
    * * *

     

    Del verbo rentar: ( conjugate rentar)

    renta es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    renta    
    rentar
    renta sustantivo femenino


    vivir de las rentas ( de dinero) to live off the interest;

    ( de propiedades) to live off the rent
    b) (esp Méx) ( alquiler) rent

    rentar ( conjugate rentar) verbo transitivo (Méx)

    [ usuario] to rent
    b) coche to rent, hire (BrE)

    renta sustantivo femenino
    1 (ingresos) income
    (por trabajo) earned income
    vivir de las rentas, to live off o on private income
    renta vitalicia, annuity
    2 (alquiler) rent
    rentar verbo transitivo Econ to produce a profit, yield
    ' renta' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    declaración
    - deducirse
    - impuesta
    - impuesto
    - ingreso
    - IRPF
    - pensión
    - vitalicia
    - vitalicio
    - alquiler
    - asignación
    - asignar
    - líquido
    - vivir
    English:
    equity
    - income tax
    - private income
    - return
    - revenue
    - tax
    - tax return
    - income
    - rent
    - rental
    * * *
    renta nf
    1. [ingresos] income;
    vivir de las rentas to live off one's (private) income;
    Fam
    sacan un disco de éxito y luego, a vivir de las rentas they bring out one hit record and then sit back and live off the profits
    renta per cápita per capita income;
    renta gravable taxable income;
    renta por habitante per capita income;
    renta imponible taxable income;
    renta nacional national income;
    renta del trabajo earned income;
    renta vitalicia life annuity
    2. [alquiler] rent
    3. [beneficios] return
    renta del capital capital yield
    4. [intereses] interest
    renta fija fixed (interest) rate;
    acciones de renta fija fixed-interest esp Br shares o esp US stock(s);
    renta variable variable (interest) rate;
    acciones de renta variable variable-interest esp Br shares o esp US stock(s);
    los mercados de renta variable the equity markets
    5. [deuda pública] national o public debt
    * * *
    f
    1 ( ingresos) income
    2 de casa rent
    3
    :
    de renta fija fixed-interest
    * * *
    renta nf
    1) : income
    2) : rent
    3)

    Spanish-English dictionary > renta

  • 6 características técnicas

    = technical specification, technical features, technical data
    Ex. A technical specification is a document which lays down characteristics of a product or a service such as levels of quality, performance, safety, dimensions.
    Ex. Its technical features include minimum hardware requirements, large database capacity, variable length fields, repeatable fields, subfields, powerful indexing, and rapid searching.
    Ex. The final operator in this group is (g), denoting coordinate concepts: (1) sulphides (g) selenides $v & (g) tellurides (p) thermodynamic properties (6) technical data.
    * * *
    = technical specification, technical features, technical data

    Ex: A technical specification is a document which lays down characteristics of a product or a service such as levels of quality, performance, safety, dimensions.

    Ex: Its technical features include minimum hardware requirements, large database capacity, variable length fields, repeatable fields, subfields, powerful indexing, and rapid searching.
    Ex: The final operator in this group is (g), denoting coordinate concepts: (1) sulphides (g) selenides $v & (g) tellurides (p) thermodynamic properties (6) technical data.

    Spanish-English dictionary > características técnicas

  • 7 Neural Network

       1. A neural network is composed of a number of very simple processing elements [("neurodes")] that communicate through a rich set of interconnections with variable weights or strengths.
       2. Memories are stored or represented in a neural network in the pattern of variable interconnection weights among the neurodes. Information is processed by a spreading, constantly changing pattern of activity distributed across many neurodes.
       3. A neural network is taught or trained rather than programmed. It is even possible to construct systems capable of independent or autonomous learning....
       4. Instead of having a separate memory and controller, plus a stored external program that dictates the operation of the system as in a digital computer, the operation of a neural network is implicitly controlled by three properties: the transfer function of the neurodes, the details of the structure of the connections among the neurodes, and the learning law the system follows.
       5. A neural network naturally acts as an associative memory. That is, it inherently associated items it is taught, physically grouping similar items together in its structure. A neural network operated as a memory is content addressable; it can retrieve stored information from incomplete, noisy, or partially incorrect input cues.
       6. A neural network is able to generalize; it can learn the characteristics of a general category of objects based on a series of specific examples from that category.
       7. A neural network keeps working even after a significant fraction of its neurodes and interconnections have become defective.
       8. A neural network innately acts as a processor for time-dependent spatial patterns, or spatiotemporal patterns. (Caudill & Butler, 1990, pp. 7-8)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Neural Network

  • 8 соответствовать

    The results are consistent with what is expected.

    The results check with observations.

    These trends in properties correlate (or accord) with our model of the atom.

    The molecular dimensions of the organic solvent match those of the solute.

    To every organism ( there) corresponds an abstract topological space and...

    The core identification tapes shall comply with the requirements for insulating papers.

    The instrument conforms to the specification.

    The data fit the present curves reasonably well.

    Equation (.26) fits the data fairly well.

    The numbers given to the contact blades are in line with the pin numbers on the octal base.

    Their analyses are in agreement (or in keeping) with experimental observations.

    The tooling is peculiar to the product being machined.

    This feed rate is appropriate to the length to be delivered.

    Because all chemical processes are reversible there is for every exoergic reaction a corresponding endoergic one.

    For each signal there is only one response.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > соответствовать

  • 9 переменные свойства материала

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > переменные свойства материала

  • 10 играть незначительную роль

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > играть незначительную роль

  • 11 основные свойства пределов функции одной переменной

    key properties of limits of the function of one variable

    Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > основные свойства пределов функции одной переменной

  • 12 associated random variables

    pl.
    ассоциированные случайные величины (случайные величины из множества действительных чисел называются ассоциированным ми, если математическое ожидание E[f(a)f(b)] не меньше произведения математических ожиданий E[f(a)]×E[f(b)] для всех неубывающих отображений f,g из K-мерного евклидова пространства в множестве действительных чисел, для которых указанные математические ожидания существуют; примером ассоциированных случайных величин являются независимые случайные величины, которые всегда являются ассоциированными); см. также association properties; independent version of associated random variables; random variable

    Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > associated random variables

  • 13 Memory

       To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)
       [Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)
       The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)
       4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of Psychology
       If a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)
       We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)
       The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)
       7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat Discouraging
       The results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)
       A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)
       Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....
       Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)
       When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....
       However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have influenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)
       Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)
       Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)
       The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory

  • 14 явление электрической дуги

    1. electric arc phenomenon

     

    явление электрической дуги
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    Electric arc phenomenon

    The electric arc is a phenomenon which takes place as a consequence of a discharge which occurs when the voltage between two points exceeds the insulating strength limit of the interposed gas; then, in the presence of suitable conditions, a plasma is generated which carries the electric current till the opening of the protective device on the supply side.

    Gases, which are good insulating means under normal conditions, may become current conductors in consequence of a change in their chemical-physical properties due to a temperature rise or to other external factors.

    To understand how an electrical arc originates, reference can be made to what happens when a circuit opens or closes.

    During the opening phase of an electric circuit the contacts of the protective device start to separate thus offering to the current a gradually decreasing section; therefore the current meets growing resistance with a consequent rise in the temperature.

    As soon as the contacts start to separate, the voltage applied to the circuit exceeds the dielectric strength of the air, causing its perforation through a discharge.

    The high temperature causes the ionization of the surrounding air which keeps the current circulating in the form of electrical arc. Besides thermal ionization, there is also an electron emission from the cathode due to the thermionic effect; the ions formed in the gas due to the very high temperature are accelerated by the electric field, strike the cathode, release energy in the collision thus causing a localized heating which generates electron emission.

    The electrical arc lasts till the voltage at its ends supplies the energy sufficient to compensate for the quantity of heat dissipated and to maintain the suitable conditions of temperature. If the arc is elongated and cooled, the conditions necessary for its maintenance lack and it extinguishes.

    Analogously, an arc can originate also as a consequence of a short-circuit between phases. A short-circuit is a low impedance connection between two conductors at different voltages.

    The conducting element which constitutes the low impedance connection (e.g. a metallic tool forgotten on the busbars inside the enclosure, a wrong wiring or a body of an animal entered inside the enclosure), subject to the difference of potential is passed through by a current of generally high value, depending on the characteristics of the circuit.

    The flow of the high fault current causes the overheating of the cables or of the circuit busbars, up to the melting of the conductors of lower section; as soon as the conductor melts, analogous conditions to those present during the circuit opening arise. At that point an arc starts which lasts either till the protective devices intervene or till the conditions necessary for its stability subsist.

    The electric arc is characterized by an intense ionization of the gaseous means, by reduced drops of the anodic and cathodic voltage (10 V and 40 V respectively), by high or very high current density in the middle of the column (of the order of 102-103 up to 107 A/cm2), by very high temperatures (thousands of °C) always in the middle of the current column and – in low voltage - by a distance between the ends variable from some microns to some centimeters.

    [ABB]

    Явление электрической дуги

    Электрическая дуга между двумя электродами в газе представляет собой физическое явление, возникающее в тот момент, когда напряжения между двумя электродами превышает значение электрической прочности изоляции данного газа.
    При наличии подходящих условий образуется плазма, по которой протекает электрический ток. Ток будет протекать до тех пор, пока на стороне электропитания не сработает защитное устройство.

    Газы, являющиеся хорошим изолятором, при нормальных условиях, могут стать проводником в результате изменения их физико-химических свойств, которые могут произойти вследствие увеличения температуры или в результате воздействия каких-либо иных внешних факторов.

    Для того чтобы понять механизм возникновения электрической дуги, следует рассмотреть, что происходит при размыкании или замыкании электрической цепи.

    При размыкании электрической цепи контакты защитного устройства начинают расходиться, в результате чего постепенно уменьшается сечение контактной поверхности, через которую протекает ток.
    Сопротивление электрической цепи возрастает, что приводит к увеличению температуры.

    Как только контакты начнут отходить один от другого, приложенное напряжение превысит электрическую прочность воздуха, что вызовет электрический пробой.

    Высокая температура приведет к ионизации воздуха, которая обеспечит протекание электрического тока по проводнику, представляющему собой электрическую дугу. Кроме термической ионизации молекул воздуха происходит также эмиссия электронов с катода, вызванная термоэлектронным эффектом. Образующиеся под воздействием очень высокой температуры ионы ускоряются в электрическом поле и бомбардируют катод. Высвобождающаяся, в результате столкновения энергия, вызывает локальный нагрев, который, в свою очередь, приводит к эмиссии электронов.

    Электрическая дуга длится до тех пор, пока напряжение на ее концах обеспечивает поступление энергии, достаточной для компенсации выделяющегося тепла и для сохранения условий поддержания высокой температуры. Если дуга вытягивается и охлаждается, то условия, необходимые для ее поддержания, исчезают и дуга гаснет.

    Аналогичным образом возникает дуга в результате короткого замыкания электрической цепи. Короткое замыкание представляет собой низкоомное соединение двух проводников, находящихся под разными потенциалами.

    Проводящий элемент с малым сопротивлением, например, металлический инструмент, забытый на шинах внутри комплектного устройства, ошибка в электромонтаже или тело животного, случайно попавшего в комплектное устройство, может соединить элементы, находящиеся под разными потенциалами, в результате чего через низкоомное соединение потечет электрический ток, значение которого определяется параметрами образовавшейся короткозамкнутой цепи.

    Протекание большого тока короткого замыкания вызывает перегрев кабелей или шин, который может привести к расплавлению проводников с меньшим сечением. Как только проводник расплавится, возникает ситуация, аналогичная размыканию электрической цепи. Т. е. в момент размыкания возникает дуга, которая длится либо до срабатывания защитного устройства, либо до тех пор, пока существуют условия, обеспечивающие её стабильность.

    Электрическая дуга характеризуется интенсивной ионизацией газов, что приводит к падению анодного и катодного напряжений (на 10 и 40 В соответственно), высокой или очень высокой плотностью тока в середине плазменного шнура (от 102-103 до 107 А/см2), очень высокой температурой (сотни градусов Цельсия) всегда в середине плазменного шнура и низкому падению напряжения при расстоянии между концами дуги от нескольких микрон до нескольких сантиметров.

    [Перевод Интент]

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    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > явление электрической дуги

См. также в других словарях:

  • .properties — Extension .properties Type de format ASCII modifier  …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Variable geometry — may refer to: * Various different ways to alter the shape of an aircraft s wings in flight in order to alter their aerodynamic properties: Variable sweep wings or swing wings , variable camber wings, variable incidence wings, and Oblique wings. * …   Wikipedia

  • Variable star — A star is classified as variable if its apparent brightness as seen from Earth changes over time, whether the changes are due to variations in the star s actual luminosity, or to variations in the amount of the star s light that is blocked from… …   Wikipedia

  • Variable (mathematics) — In mathematics, a variable is a value that may change within the scope of a given problem or set of operations. In contrast, a constant is a value that remains unchanged, though often unknown or undetermined.[1] The concepts of constants and… …   Wikipedia

  • Properties of selected silica minerals — ▪ Table Properties of selected silica minerals name colour lustre Mohs hardness specific gravity coesite colourless vitreous near 8 2.9–3.0 cristobalite (low temperature form) white or milky vitreous 6½ 2.2–2.3 lussatite (fibrous low… …   Universalium

  • Variable luminosa azul — Evolución de estrellas de distintas masas representadas en el diagrama de Hertzsprung Russell. La fase de variable luminosa azul aparece marcada como VLA para el caso de la traza evolutiva de la estrella de 60 masas solares. Las variables… …   Wikipedia Español

  • variable realization — Descriptions of a thing at one level can be true in virtue of some underlying properties, in the way that the description of a computer as running such and such a program is true in virtue of the configurations of its circuitry. It may then be… …   Philosophy dictionary

  • Intensive and extensive properties — In the physical sciences, an intensive property (also called a bulk property), is a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system. (see: examples) By contrast, an extensive property… …   Wikipedia

  • Instrumental variable — In statistics, econometrics, and related disciplines, the method of instrumental variables (IV) is used to estimate causal relationships when controlled experiments are not feasible. Statistically, IV methods allow consistent estimation when the… …   Wikipedia

  • Calculation of glass properties — [ refractive index. [ [http://glassproperties.com/refractive index/ Calculation of the Refractive Index of Glasses] ] ] The calculation of glass properties (glass modeling) is used to predict glass properties of interest or glass behavior under… …   Wikipedia

  • Multivariate random variable — In mathematics, probability, and statistics, a multivariate random variable or random vector is a list of mathematical variables each of whose values is unknown, either because the value has not yet occurred or because there is imperfect… …   Wikipedia

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